The article analyses information on religious elements in the representation of senses in literary sources of late imperial China. The Introduction presents psychological and social functions of olfaction with reference to China. The second part deals with the concepts of *xiang*. especially in the meaning of incense. https://www.roneverhart.com/BULK-PACK-3-12-Ivory-Dragon-Cloud-Premium-Texture-Fibrous-Paper-Lantern/